Wood Flooring Frequently Asked Questions - Series 1
1. What is the difference between solid hardwood and engineered hardwood flooring?
Answer:
Solid hardwood flooring is made from a single piece of natural wood, typically 3/4 inch thick. It is milled from a single plank of hardwood and can be sanded and refinished multiple times over its lifespan. Solid hardwood is prized for its durability, natural beauty, and longevity, often lasting decades or even generations. However, it is more sensitive to moisture and temperature changes, which can cause expansion and contraction, making it less ideal for basements or areas with high humidity.
Engineered hardwood consists of multiple layers of wood veneer glued together, with a hardwood top layer and several layers of plywood or high-density fiberboard underneath. This layered construction makes engineered hardwood more dimensionally stable, allowing it to be installed in places where solid wood isn’t recommended, such as basements or over concrete slabs. While the top veneer can be sanded and refinished, it can only be done a limited number of times depending on the thickness of the wear layer. Engineered hardwood offers the aesthetic appeal of real wood but with enhanced stability and often a lower installation cost.
Choosing between the two depends on your budget, installation area, and long-term maintenance preferences. Solid hardwood is great for traditional spaces with stable conditions, while engineered hardwood is more versatile for modern homes and varying environments.
Here at CIERO INC we offer a vast collection engineered hardwood as well as solid hardwood.
2. How does vinyl plank flooring compare to real wood in terms of durability?
Answer:
Vinyl plank flooring, especially luxury vinyl plank (LVP), is designed to mimic the look of real wood but offers distinct advantages in durability and maintenance. Unlike real wood, vinyl plank is highly resistant to scratches, dents, stains, and moisture, making it an excellent choice for high-traffic areas, kitchens, bathrooms, and basements where wood might be prone to damage.
Vinyl plank flooring is constructed from multiple layers including a wear layer, a photographic layer that replicates wood grain, and a waterproof core, often made from PVC or WPC (wood plastic composite). This construction makes it highly resilient against everyday wear and tear, moisture spills, and humidity changes—common challenges for traditional hardwood floors.
While vinyl plank can’t be sanded or refinished like hardwood, its long-lasting surface requires minimal upkeep, usually just sweeping and occasional mopping. It’s also generally more affordable and easier to install, with many options designed for DIY floating floor installation.
In summary, if you want the aesthetic appeal of wood combined with superior durability and water resistance, vinyl plank flooring is a practical, low-maintenance alternative, especially in moisture-prone or busy areas.
3. Is laminate flooring a good alternative to hardwood?
Answer:
Laminate flooring is a popular and cost-effective alternative to hardwood, offering a wood-like appearance with enhanced durability and easier maintenance. It is made of several layers, including a fiberboard core topped with a photographic wood-grain layer and a clear protective wear layer. This wear layer makes laminate highly resistant to scratches, stains, and fading, making it a good option for homes with pets or kids.
Unlike hardwood, laminate cannot be refinished or sanded, so once damaged, the affected planks usually need replacement. It is also generally more moisture-resistant than solid hardwood but less so than vinyl plank flooring, so it may not be ideal for bathrooms or basements.
Laminate flooring is often easier and faster to install due to its click-lock system, which allows it to float over the subfloor without nails or glue. This makes it an appealing DIY choice for many homeowners.
In terms of aesthetics, high-quality laminates can convincingly mimic the look of real wood, though it lacks the natural texture and warmth of hardwood. For budget-conscious buyers seeking durable flooring with a wood look, laminate is a solid option, but it’s important to weigh its limitations compared to real wood or engineered flooring.
4. What types of wood species are available for hardwood flooring?
Answer:
Hardwood flooring is available in a wide variety of wood species, each offering unique characteristics in terms of color, grain, hardness, and price. Some of the most popular species used in solid and engineered hardwood flooring include:
Oak: One of the most common choices, oak is durable with a prominent grain pattern. It’s available in red and white oak varieties and offers a classic look suitable for many design styles.
Maple: Known for its smooth grain and lighter color, maple is harder than oak and has a clean, modern appeal.
Hickory: A very hard and durable wood with a distinctive grain and color variation, ideal for rustic or country-style interiors.
Walnut: A darker, rich wood with deep chocolate tones and a smooth grain, prized for elegant, high-end flooring.
Cherry: Known for its warm reddish-brown hues that deepen over time, cherry offers a luxurious, classic look.
Ash: Similar to oak with a lighter tone and strong grain, ash is tough and good for high-traffic spaces.
Exotic species like Brazilian cherry (Jatoba), teak, and mahogany are also available but tend to be more expensive. When choosing a species, consider factors like hardness (measured by the Janka scale), color preferences, and the room’s usage to find the best fit.
5. Which wood flooring option is best for high-traffic areas?
Answer:
For high-traffic areas, durability and maintenance are key factors when selecting wood flooring. Among the options:
Engineered hardwood: Offers a balance of natural wood aesthetics and enhanced stability, suitable for busy areas due to its multi-layer construction.
Solid hardwood with a hard species: Oak, hickory, or maple are excellent choices because of their high Janka hardness ratings, which means they resist dents and scratches better.
Vinyl plank flooring: Highly durable and resistant to wear, scratches, and moisture, vinyl plank is ideal for extremely busy or moisture-prone areas such as kitchens and entryways.
Laminate flooring: Also very scratch-resistant due to its protective wear layer, laminate performs well in high-traffic areas but is less moisture-resistant.
For a combination of durability and ease of maintenance in high-traffic spaces, vinyl plank and high-quality engineered hardwood are often the top picks. Proper maintenance like area rugs and protective pads can also extend the life of any flooring in busy spots.
6. Can engineered hardwood be installed in basements or over concrete?
Answer:
Yes, engineered hardwood is one of the best flooring choices for basements or installation over concrete slabs. Unlike solid hardwood, which can warp or cup due to moisture and temperature fluctuations, engineered hardwood’s multi-layer plywood or high-density fiberboard core provides dimensional stability.
This construction reduces the wood’s tendency to expand and contract, making it suitable for below-grade environments where moisture levels may be higher. Many engineered hardwood products are specifically designed for installation over concrete and come with moisture barriers or underlayments to prevent damage.
Installation methods vary, including glue-down, nail-down or other methods depending on the product and subfloor. It’s essential to ensure the concrete slab is properly sealed and moisture levels are tested before installation.
If you’re considering hardwood flooring in a basement or over concrete in Toronto’s climate, engineered hardwood offers the beauty of wood with the resilience needed for these challenging environments.
7. How long does solid hardwood flooring typically last?
Answer:
Solid hardwood flooring is renowned for its longevity and durability, often lasting 30 to 100 years or more with proper care. Many historic homes still feature their original hardwood floors from over a century ago, highlighting the timeless appeal and durability of solid wood.
The lifespan of solid hardwood depends on factors such as the wood species, finish, installation quality, and maintenance. Harder woods like oak, maple, and hickory tend to last longer in high-traffic areas due to their resistance to dents and scratches.
Regular maintenance—such as cleaning with appropriate products, avoiding excessive moisture, and refinishing every 7-10 years—can significantly extend the life of hardwood floors. Refinishing removes surface scratches and renews the protective finish, giving the floor a fresh appearance.
Unlike engineered or laminate floors, solid hardwood can be sanded and refinished multiple times, making it a great long-term investment for homeowners seeking beauty and durability.
8. What is the average cost difference between solid hardwood and laminate flooring?
Answer:
Solid hardwood flooring costs more than laminate flooring, both in material and installation. On average, solid hardwood flooring ranges from $8 to $15 per square foot for materials alone, with installation costs adding another $4 to $10 per square foot, depending on the species and complexity of the job.
Laminate flooring is a more budget-friendly option, with material costs generally ranging from $2 to $7 per square foot and installation costs around $2 to $6 per square foot. This makes laminate flooring significantly cheaper upfront, often half or less the cost of solid hardwood.
However, while laminate flooring offers cost savings and easier maintenance, it lacks the refinishing capability and natural warmth of hardwood. For homeowners prioritizing longevity and value, solid hardwood may be a better investment despite the higher initial price.
9. Is vinyl plank flooring waterproof?
Answer:
Yes, many luxury vinyl plank (LVP) flooring products are waterproof or highly water-resistant. This feature makes vinyl plank flooring an excellent choice for moisture-prone areas like kitchens, bathrooms, basements, and laundry rooms.
Vinyl plank flooring is manufactured with a waterproof core, often made from PVC or wood-plastic composite, topped with a durable wear layer that repels water and resists stains. Unlike hardwood or laminate flooring, vinyl plank won’t warp, cup, or swell when exposed to water, making it very low-maintenance.
That said, while vinyl plank is waterproof, proper installation and sealing of seams are important to prevent water from seeping underneath the planks and causing damage to the subfloor.
10. Can wood flooring be installed over radiant heating systems?
Answer:
Yes, wood flooring—particularly engineered hardwood—is compatible with radiant heating systems when installed correctly. Engineered hardwood is preferred because its multi-layer construction provides better stability and less risk of warping due to heat compared to solid hardwood.
Before installation, it’s crucial to ensure the heating system is functioning properly and set at recommended temperatures. Most manufacturers advise keeping the surface temperature below 80°F (27°C) to avoid damaging the wood.
Proper acclimation of the wood flooring to the heated environment is also essential to minimize expansion or contraction issues. Floating installation methods work well for radiant heat, but glue-down can also be used depending on the product.
While solid hardwood can be used with radiant heating, it requires more careful temperature control and acclimation. Vinyl plank flooring is another excellent option for radiant heat, offering durability and moisture resistance.
11. How do I choose the right finish for my wood floors?
Answer:
Choosing the right finish for your wood floors depends on your lifestyle, aesthetic preferences, and the level of maintenance you’re willing to commit to. There are three main types of finishes: polyurethane (oil-based or water-based), aluminum oxide, and natural oil finishes.
Polyurethane finishes are the most common. Oil-based polyurethane offers a warm amber tone and is very durable but takes longer to dry and can emit strong fumes during application. Water-based polyurethane dries faster, has low odor, and maintains the wood’s natural color, but may be slightly less durable.
Aluminum oxide finishes are typically factory-applied to prefinished wood floors and provide an extremely hard surface that resists scratches and wear, ideal for high-traffic areas.
Natural oil finishes penetrate the wood, offering a matte, natural look and feel while enhancing the grain. They are easier to spot repair but require more frequent maintenance and resealing.
Consider your household activity, presence of pets or children, and desired look when selecting a finish. For busy homes, a durable polyurethane or aluminum oxide finish is usually best, while those wanting a natural appearance might prefer oil finishes. Your installer or flooring retailer can also help recommend the best finish based on your specific wood type and use.
12. What are the most popular wood floor finishes?
Answer:
The most popular wood floor finishes include:
Oil-based polyurethane: Known for durability and a warm amber glow. It’s resistant to wear and scratches but has a longer drying time and stronger odor during application.
Water-based polyurethane: Offers a clear finish that maintains the natural color of wood, dries quickly, and has low VOC emissions. Slightly less durable but easier to apply and maintain.
Aluminum oxide: Factory-applied on prefinished floors, it creates a very hard and long-lasting surface ideal for commercial or high-traffic residential areas.
Natural oil finishes (e.g., tung oil, linseed oil): Penetrate the wood surface, giving a matte finish with a natural look. These finishes require regular maintenance but are easier to repair spot-wise.
Wax finishes: Less common today but offer a warm glow; they need frequent upkeep and are less durable against moisture and scratches.
Choosing the right finish depends on your desired look and how much wear the floors will endure. Polyurethane finishes are the most common for their balance of beauty and protection.
13. Can I refinish engineered hardwood flooring?
Answer:
Yes, engineered hardwood flooring can be refinished, but the number of times depends on the thickness of the wear layer — the top hardwood veneer. Typically, engineered hardwood has a thinner wear layer than solid hardwood, usually ranging from 1mm to 6mm.
Floors with a wear layer thicker than 3mm can generally be sanded and refinished once or twice. Thinner veneers may only withstand one light sanding or might not be suitable for refinishing at all.
Refinishing engineered hardwood involves sanding off the old finish and applying a new stain and protective coat, similar to solid hardwood. It’s important to consult with a flooring professional to assess the wear layer and determine if refinishing is feasible without damaging the floor.
If your engineered hardwood cannot be refinished, you can extend its life by using protective measures such as area rugs and proper cleaning techniques.
14. How is laminate flooring installed? Is it DIY-friendly?
Answer:
Laminate flooring is one of the most DIY-friendly flooring options available. It uses a click-lock system where the planks snap together and float over the subfloor without the need for glue or nails. This floating installation allows for quick assembly and easier removal or replacement if necessary.
Before installation, the subfloor must be clean, dry, and level. Underlayment is usually placed beneath the laminate to provide moisture protection, cushioning, and sound absorption.
Laminate planks are cut to size using a saw, and spacers are used along the walls to allow for expansion. The installation typically begins in one corner of the room, working row by row.
While installation is straightforward, precise measurements and careful handling are important to avoid damaging the planks. Detailed instructions usually come with laminate flooring kits, and many online tutorials can guide you through the process.
For complex layouts, stairs, or transitions, hiring a professional might be beneficial. Overall, laminate flooring is well-suited for confident DIYers looking for an affordable, attractive wood alternative.
15. What subfloor preparation is needed before installing wood flooring?
Answer:
Proper subfloor preparation is crucial for a successful wood floor installation. The subfloor must be clean, dry, level, and structurally sound. Any debris, nails, or old adhesives should be removed.
For concrete subfloors, moisture testing is essential. High moisture levels can cause wood flooring to warp or fail. Applying a moisture barrier or vapor barrier is often necessary.
For plywood or wooden subfloors, check for squeaks or loose boards and repair as needed. The subfloor should be flat within a 3/16-inch variance over 10 feet to ensure even installation.
If the subfloor isn’t level, sanding high spots or using a leveling compound to fill low spots is required. Additionally, an underlayment may be installed to provide cushioning, moisture protection, and soundproofing.
Each flooring type may have specific subfloor requirements; for example, engineered hardwood can often be installed over concrete with a moisture barrier, while solid hardwood usually requires a wood subfloor.
Consult your flooring manufacturer’s guidelines for exact subfloor preparation steps to avoid installation issues and warranty voidance.
16. How much does professional wood floor installation cost in Toronto?
Answer:
Professional wood floor installation costs in Toronto vary based on the type of flooring, room size, and complexity of the project. On average:
Solid hardwood installation: $4 to $10 per square foot~
Engineered hardwood installation: $4 to $10 per square foot~
Laminate flooring installation: $2 to $7 per square foot~
Vinyl plank flooring installation: $2 to $7 per square foot~
Additional factors affecting cost include removal of old flooring, subfloor repair, custom layouts, stair installations, and finishing (if unfinished wood is installed).
Toronto’s labor rates and the installer’s experience also influence prices. It’s advisable to get multiple quotes and check references to ensure quality workmanship.
Professional installation ensures proper acclimation, moisture testing, and correct installation techniques, which extend the life of your floors and prevent costly issues.
17. How long does it take to install new hardwood flooring?
Answer:
The time needed to install new hardwood flooring depends on the size of the area, type of wood flooring, and preparation required.
For an average 500-square-foot room, installation typically takes 2 to 5~ days. This includes:
Preparation: Removing old flooring, cleaning, and prepping the subfloor (1 day)
Installation: Laying the wood planks or boards (1-2 days)
Finishing: Sanding, staining, and applying the finish (if unfinished wood) can take 2-3 additional days, allowing drying time between coats
Prefinished flooring shortens installation time since no onsite sanding or finishing is required.
Complex layouts, intricate patterns, or repairs may add time. Larger projects naturally take longer.
Your installer should provide a timeline based on your specific project during the consultation.
18. Can I install new wood flooring over existing flooring?
Answer:
In some cases, new wood flooring can be installed over existing flooring, but it depends on the type and condition of the current floor.
Solid hardwood generally should not be installed over existing flooring, especially if the subfloor underneath isn’t accessible or level. Nail-down solid hardwood requires a wood subfloor.
Engineered hardwood and laminate flooring can often be installed as a floating floor over existing flooring like vinyl, tile, or laminate, provided the surface is flat, clean, and in good condition.
Vinyl plank flooring can also be installed over many existing hard surfaces.
It’s important to check for moisture issues and ensure the total floor height won’t create door clearance or threshold problems.
Consult with a flooring professional to assess your existing floors and recommend the best approach.
19. What maintenance does solid hardwood flooring require?
Answer:
Solid hardwood floors require regular cleaning and periodic maintenance to keep them looking beautiful.
Daily or weekly maintenance includes sweeping or vacuuming with a soft brush attachment to remove dirt and debris that can cause scratches. Use a damp mop with a wood floor cleaner recommended by the manufacturer, avoiding excess water.
Avoid harsh chemicals, steam cleaners, or abrasive tools.
Use area rugs in high-traffic areas and protective pads under furniture legs to prevent dents.
Maintain indoor humidity levels between 35-55% to minimize wood expansion or contraction.
Over time, solid hardwood floors may need refinishing every 7-10 years, which involves sanding and applying a new finish to restore the surface.
Promptly clean spills to prevent stains or water damage.
20. How do I clean and care for engineered hardwood floors?
Answer:
Engineered hardwood floors are relatively easy to maintain with regular cleaning and proper care.
Sweep or vacuum frequently to remove dust and grit. Use a microfiber mop and cleaner formulated for hardwood floors to clean the surface. Avoid excessive water or harsh chemicals that can damage the finish or seep into seams.
Wipe up spills immediately to prevent moisture damage.
Place rugs in high-traffic or entryway areas to reduce wear.
Use furniture pads to avoid scratches.
Maintain a consistent indoor climate with controlled humidity to reduce movement.
Engineered hardwood may require refinishing less often than solid hardwood due to its thinner wear layer, but periodic touch-ups can help maintain its appearance.
21. What are the pros and cons of engineered hardwood vs solid hardwood?
Answer:
Engineered hardwood and solid hardwood both offer the beauty of natural wood, but they differ in construction, performance, and versatility.
Pros of Engineered Hardwood:
Made of multiple layers (with a hardwood veneer on top), it’s more dimensionally stable and resists warping and moisture better than solid wood.
Can be installed over concrete or radiant heating systems.
Suitable for basements and areas with humidity fluctuations.
Often less expensive than solid wood.
Click-lock or glue-down options allow easier installation.
Cons of Engineered Hardwood:
Limited refinishing ability—depends on the thickness of the veneer.
May not have the same long lifespan as solid wood.
Pros of Solid Hardwood:
Can be sanded and refinished multiple times (up to 5-7 times over its lifetime).
Offers long-term durability and can last 100 years or more if maintained correctly.
Natural aesthetic with unique grain patterns.
Cons of Solid Hardwood:
Susceptible to moisture and humidity changes—can expand, contract, or warp.
Requires nail-down installation, typically by professionals.
Not recommended for below-grade areas or damp environments.
In summary, engineered hardwood is ideal for environments where moisture resistance and installation flexibility are needed, while solid hardwood is best for those seeking longevity and the ability to refinish multiple times.
22. Is vinyl plank flooring a good alternative to real wood?
Answer:
Yes, vinyl plank flooring—especially luxury vinyl plank (LVP)—is a great alternative to real wood for many homeowners.
Advantages of Vinyl Plank Flooring:
Waterproof: Ideal for kitchens, bathrooms, and basements.
Durable: Resists scratches, dents, and stains, making it pet- and kid-friendly.
Affordable: Offers the look of hardwood at a fraction of the price.
Easy to Install: Many products feature click-lock installation.
Low Maintenance: Simple to clean with a broom, vacuum, or damp mop.
Variety: Available in a wide range of wood-look styles, textures, and finishes.
Drawbacks:
Not real wood—while high-quality vinyl mimics wood closely, it doesn’t have the same natural feel or prestige.
Can’t be refinished—once worn, the planks must be replaced.
Some cheaper versions may off-gas VOCs, though many newer products are certified low-VOC.
Vinyl plank is an excellent choice for busy households, rental properties, or areas prone to moisture. While it doesn’t offer the lifespan or refinishing ability of solid or engineered hardwood, its durability and affordability make it a smart alternative.
23. What’s the difference between luxury vinyl plank (LVP) and laminate flooring?
Answer:
While luxury vinyl plank (LVP) and laminate flooring are both affordable, wood-look alternatives, they differ in construction, water resistance, and durability.
Construction:
LVP is made of multiple layers of PVC vinyl, with a photographic layer that mimics wood and a wear layer on top.
Laminate is composed of a high-density fiberboard (HDF) core with a photographic wood layer and a protective topcoat.
Water Resistance:
LVP is 100% waterproof, making it ideal for bathrooms, kitchens, and basements.
Laminate is water-resistant, but prolonged exposure to moisture can cause swelling or damage.
Durability:
Both are scratch-resistant, but LVP tends to be more resilient in high-traffic areas due to its waterproof properties.
Laminate can feel harder underfoot and may sound hollow unless paired with a quality underlayment.
Look and Feel:
High-end products in both categories closely mimic real wood, but laminate may look slightly more realistic in texture.
LVP feels softer and warmer due to its vinyl core.
Installation:
Both are DIY-friendly with click-lock systems and floating floor installation.
Ultimately, LVP is better for moisture-prone areas, while laminate may provide a slightly more wood-like feel in dry spaces.
24. Can I install hardwood floors in a basement?
Answer:
Installing traditional solid hardwood in a basement is not recommended due to the high levels of moisture and humidity that can cause the wood to expand, warp, or cup.
However, there are wood-look alternatives and engineered options that work well:
Engineered hardwood is your best bet for real wood in a basement. Its multi-layer construction resists moisture and dimensional changes, making it suitable for below-grade installation.
Luxury vinyl plank (LVP) and laminate flooring also provide the look of wood while being more moisture-resistant and cost-effective.
Always install a moisture barrier or underlayment to protect your flooring from ground moisture.
Ensure the basement is dry and well-ventilated, and test for concrete subfloor moisture before proceeding with any flooring installation.
If you want the authentic look and feel of wood in a basement, engineered hardwood installed with a proper moisture barrier is your safest choice.
25. What’s the best type of wood flooring for pets?
Answer:
When choosing wood flooring for homes with pets, consider durability, scratch resistance, and water resistance.
Top Options:
Engineered hardwood: Offers better moisture resistance than solid hardwood and can withstand moderate wear. Choose a species like oak, hickory, or maple, which are harder and more scratch-resistant.
Luxury vinyl plank (LVP): 100% waterproof, scratch-resistant, and extremely durable—ideal for pet messes and claws.
Laminate flooring: Also scratch-resistant and easy to clean, though less waterproof than LVP.
Prefinished hardwood: Factory-applied finishes with aluminum oxide are more durable than site-finished floors.
Avoid:
Softer woods like pine or fir, which dent and scratch easily.
Unsealed or oil-finished floors unless you’re prepared for regular maintenance.
Use area rugs in high-traffic zones, trim pet nails regularly, and clean spills promptly to extend your flooring’s life.
For most pet owners, LVP or durable engineered hardwood provides the best combination of looks and pet-friendliness.
